{"id":3652,"date":"2016-12-26T13:55:00","date_gmt":"2016-12-26T12:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/2016\/12\/habani-16-storocie\/"},"modified":"2016-12-26T13:55:00","modified_gmt":"2016-12-26T12:55:00","slug":"habani-16-storocie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/2016\/12\/habani-16-storocie\/","title":{"rendered":"Hab\u00e1ni (16. storo\u010die)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Radik\u00e1lna reform\u00e1cia v na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<p>V minulom \u010d\u00edsle sme sa venovali hnutiu anabaptistov (novokrstencov), ktor\u00e9 patrilo k tzv. radik\u00e1lnej vetve reform\u00e1cie. Toto hnutie, ktor\u00e9 vzniklo vo \u0160vaj\u010diarsku, dalo zrod prvej nez\u00e1vislej cirkvi svojej doby a napriek prenasledovaniu (alebo pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka nemu) sa dostalo aj do \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edn. Medzi prv\u00e9 patrila ju\u017en\u00e1 Morava a \u010dasti na z\u00e1pade Slovenska.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-3651\" src=\"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/habani.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" width=\"298\" height=\"445\" align=\"right\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/habani.jpg 426w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/habani-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/habani-390x583.jpg 390w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/habani-300x449.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 298px) 100vw, 298px\" \/>Za\u010diatky anabaptizmu na Morave sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s menom Balthasara Hubmeiera, ktor\u00e9ho sme spom\u00ednali u\u017e v minulom \u010dl\u00e1nku. Tento bavorsk\u00fd rod\u00e1k bol sna\u017eiv\u00fdm teol\u00f3gom. Zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou je, \u017ee doktorsk\u00fd titul z\u00edskal u Johanna Ecka, zanieten\u00e9ho protivn\u00edka Martina Luthera a reform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00fd sa o Hubmeierovi ako o \u0161tudentovi vyjadroval ve\u013emi pochvalne. Hubmeier v\u0161ak za\u010dal viac a viac vn\u00edma\u0165 potrebu reformy cirkvi a \u010dasom sa dostal do skupiny okolo Conrada Grebela, ktor\u00e1 sa n\u00e1zorovo uberala smerom k anabaptizmu. Ke\u010f bol Hubmeier pokrsten\u00fd, anabaptisti z\u00edskali zdatn\u00e9ho teol\u00f3ga, ktor\u00fd pri di\u0161pute dostal do rozpakov aj samotn\u00e9ho Ulricha Zwingliho, vodcu \u0161vaj\u010diarskej reform\u00e1cie, ke\u010f pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee Zwingli s\u00e1m kedysi vyhlasoval krst det\u00ed za biblicky neopodstatnen\u00fd. V d\u00f4sledku toho Hubmeier \u010delil v\u00e4zeniu aj mu\u010deniu, pri ktorom svoje stanovisko odvolal, \u010do nesk\u00f4r ve\u013emi \u013eutoval. Napokon utiekol na Moravu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Morava bola v tomto obdob\u00ed ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmavou oblas\u0165ou. Jednak bola e\u0161te st\u00e1le pod vplyvom husitsk\u00e9ho hnutia spred sto rokov, a jednak bola v\u010faka relat\u00edvnej nez\u00e1vislosti tamoj\u0161ej \u0161\u013eachty dos\u0165 tolerantnou krajinou. Preto niet divu, \u017ee tu h\u013eadali \u00fato\u010disko prenasledovan\u00ed ute\u010denci z Tirolska, Bavorska, W\u00fcrttemberska, Hesenska aj \u0160vaj\u010diarska. Hubmeier pri\u0161iel na Moravu v j\u00fali 1526 a v Mikulove sa mu podarilo \u00faspe\u0161ne premeni\u0165 nemecky hovoriaci luter\u00e1nsky zbor na anabaptistick\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo. P\u00f4sobil tu asi jeden rok a za ten \u010das pokrstil najmenej \u0161es\u0165tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed. Jeho pr\u00e1ca sa darila a naz\u00fdvali ho \u201epatriarchom z Mikulova\u201c. Ani tunaj\u0161ia tolerancia v\u0161ak netrvala ve\u010dne a ke\u010f v roku 1527 Ferdinand I. Habsbursk\u00fd z\u00edskal \u010desk\u00fd tr\u00f3n, Hubmeiera vydali rak\u00faskym \u00faradom. Tentoraz napriek mu\u010deniu svoju vieru neodvolal a 10. marca 1528 ho vo Viedni up\u00e1lili. O nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed nato jeho man\u017eelku utopili v Dunaji. V tak\u00fdchto bolestiach sa rodila prv\u00e1 cirkev nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 od \u0161t\u00e1tneho zriadenia.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fdm anabaptizmus na Moravu priniesol Hubmeier, anabaptistov pevne zorganizoval Jakub Hutter (klobu\u010dn\u00edk), kazate\u013e, ktor\u00fd sa \u017eivil v\u00fdrobou klob\u00fakov a ktor\u00fd pri\u0161iel z Tirolska. Aj on na Moravu utiekol pred prenasledovan\u00edm. K\u00fdm Hubmeier nebol n\u00e1zormi celkom typick\u00fd anabaptista, ale obhajoval nutnos\u0165 svetskej vl\u00e1dy a tvrdil, \u017ee vl\u00e1da m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aj kres\u0165ansk\u00e1, pod Hutterov\u00fdm veden\u00edm anabaptistick\u00e9 komunity dosiahli vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed stupe\u0148 sebesta\u010dnosti a nez\u00e1vislosti. Typick\u00fdm sa pre nich stal \u017eivot v uzavret\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch, tzv. dvoroch (nem. haushaben, pod\u013ea \u010doho ich volali hab\u00e1nmi), ktor\u00e9 boli dobre ekonomicky organizovan\u00e9, v\u010faka \u010domu pre\u017eili aj mnoho prenasledovan\u00ed. Pod\u013ea Huttera ich volali aj hutteritmi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Na Slovensku sa hab\u00e1ni usadili na Spi\u0161i a na Z\u00e1hor\u00ed, presl\u00e1vili sa svojou keramikou.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Nesk\u00f4r musel Hutter uteka\u0165 pred prenasledovan\u00edm a z tohto obdobia sa zachovalo osem listov, ktor\u00e9 nap\u00edsal bratom a sestr\u00e1m. Napokon ho \u010dakal podobn\u00fd osud ako Hubmeiera \u2013 v Tirolsku ho zatkli a v janu\u00e1ri 1536 up\u00e1lili.<br \/>Hnutie sa napriek tomu \u010falej rozv\u00edjalo a aj vplyvom prenasledovania sa \u0161\u00edrilo na nov\u00e9 miesta. Na Slovensku sa hab\u00e1ni usadili na Spi\u0161i a na Z\u00e1hor\u00ed, najm\u00e4 v obciach Soboti\u0161te, Ve\u013ek\u00e9 Lev\u00e1re, Brodsk\u00e9 a \u010castkovce. Syst\u00e9m spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1renia pretrval a\u017e do 17. storo\u010dia, \u010do mo\u017eno hodnoti\u0165 ako ekonomick\u00fd z\u00e1zrak. Hab\u00e1ni boli zn\u00e1mi ako usilovn\u00ed v\u0161estrann\u00ed remeseln\u00edci, ale najviac sa presl\u00e1vili hab\u00e1nskou keramikou, ktorej technol\u00f3gia si na\u0161la v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 uplatnenie v \u013eudovej v\u00fdrobe. Od konca 17. storo\u010dia sa na Slovensku postupne asimilovali, ale dodnes po svete existuj\u00fa ich komunity, najm\u00e4 v USA a Austr\u00e1lii.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Zdroje:<br \/>Pavel Hanes: Dejiny kres\u0165anstva. Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica: Trian, 2007<br \/>Wikip\u00e9dia \u2013 Slobodn\u00e1 encyklop\u00e9dia<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Radik\u00e1lna reform\u00e1cia v na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch V minulom \u010d\u00edsle sme sa venovali hnutiu anabaptistov (novokrstencov), ktor\u00e9 patrilo k tzv. radik\u00e1lnej vetve reform\u00e1cie. Toto hnutie, ktor\u00e9 vzniklo vo \u0160vaj\u010diarsku, dalo zrod prvej nez\u00e1vislej cirkvi svojej doby a napriek prenasledovaniu (alebo pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka nemu) sa dostalo aj do \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edn. Medzi prv\u00e9 patrila ju\u017en\u00e1 Morava a \u010dasti na [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3651,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"series":[],"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/habani.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/PodcastSZ-1.jpg","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":[],"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/feed\/podcast\/slovo-zivota","embedCode":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"xZWuCJ2STn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/2016\/12\/habani-16-storocie\/\">Hab\u00e1ni (16. storo\u010die)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/2016\/12\/habani-16-storocie\/embed\/#?secret=xZWuCJ2STn\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" title=\"\u00abHab\u00e1ni (16. storo\u010die)\u00bb &#8212; Slovo \u017eivota\" data-secret=\"xZWuCJ2STn\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n\/*! 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