{"id":3592,"date":"2016-06-30T11:53:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-30T09:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/2016\/06\/anabaptisti-1509-1564-radikalna-reformacia\/"},"modified":"2016-06-30T11:53:00","modified_gmt":"2016-06-30T09:53:00","slug":"anabaptisti-1509-1564-radikalna-reformacia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/2016\/06\/anabaptisti-1509-1564-radikalna-reformacia\/","title":{"rendered":"Anabaptisti (1509-1564) &#8211; Radik\u00e1lna reform\u00e1cia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-3591\" src=\"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/anabaptisti.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" align=\"right\" width=\"236\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/anabaptisti.jpg 236w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/anabaptisti-206x300.jpg 206w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\" \/>V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u010d\u00edslach sme sa venovali najvplyvnej\u0161\u00edm osobnostiam reform\u00e1cie v 16. storo\u010d\u00ed. Jedn\u00fdm zo spolo\u010dn\u00fdch menovate\u013eov tohto prebudeneck\u00e9ho pohybu bol d\u00f4raz na Bibliu ako najvy\u0161\u0161iu autoritu, ktor\u00e1 je jedin\u00e1 smerodajn\u00e1 pre kres\u0165ansk\u00fd \u017eivot. Druhou vecou v\u0161ak bolo uplat\u0148ovanie tejto z\u00e1sady \u2013 jednak nie vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch ot\u00e1zkach panovala zhoda, jednak aktu\u00e1lna spolo\u010densk\u00e1, politick\u00e1 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia priala reformovaniu niektor\u00fdch oblast\u00ed viac a niektor\u00fdch menej. V takejto situ\u00e1cii bolo len logick\u00e9, \u017ee niektor\u00ed reform\u00e1tori boli umiernenej\u0161\u00ed, in\u00ed radik\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed a sna\u017eili sa presadi\u0165 aj tie ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 boli v spolo\u010dnosti kontroverznej\u0161ie. Toto kr\u00eddlo ozna\u010dujeme ako radik\u00e1lna reform\u00e1cia.<\/p>\n<p>Radik\u00e1lna reform\u00e1cia nebola \u017eiadnym jednoliatym hnut\u00edm, je to sk\u00f4r s\u00fahrn r\u00f4znych pr\u00fadov reform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 na rozdiel od hlavn\u00fdch pr\u00fadov neboli riaden\u00e9 vl\u00e1dnymi \u00faradmi. Z toho logicky vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee radik\u00e1lne reformn\u00e9 kruhy boli slobodnej\u0161ie z h\u013eadiska \u0161trukt\u00fary, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 boli v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm t\u0155\u0148om v oku vl\u00e1dnych kruhov a neraz \u010delili prenasledovaniu.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00fadov radik\u00e1lnej reform\u00e1cie boli tzv. anabaptisti, ktor\u00fdch kol\u00edskou je \u0160vaj\u010diarsko. V\u00fdraz mo\u017eno prelo\u017ei\u0165 ako novokrstenci a tento n\u00e1zov im bol dan\u00fd ich odporcami preto, \u017ee neuzn\u00e1vali krst nemluvniat a pod\u013ea biblick\u00e9ho vzoru sa krstili ponoren\u00edm v dospelosti na z\u00e1klade osobn\u00e9ho rozhodnutia (znova). Pr\u00e1ve toto bola v tej dobe ve\u013emi p\u00e1l\u010div\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, kde pod tlakom s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho c\u00edtenia ust\u00fapil napr. aj Martin Luther, ktor\u00fd p\u00f4vodne tie\u017e odmietal krst det\u00ed. Bola to toti\u017e v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia t\u00e9ma, ako by sa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead zdalo \u2013 ot\u00e1zka krstu bola len vyjadren\u00edm \u0161ir\u0161ej snahy, ktorej cie\u013eom bola rekon\u0161trukcia cirkvi a soci\u00e1lneho poriadku. Zmena ch\u00e1pania cirkvi z \u013eudovej, do ktorej sa \u013eudia rodia, na spolo\u010denstvo t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa osobne rozhodli do nej patri\u0165. Vzh\u013eadom na previazanos\u0165 cirkvi so \u0161t\u00e1tom bol tak\u00fdto pohyb zo strany mocn\u00fdch viden\u00fd ako ve\u013emi nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd. Anabaptisti vlastne urobili najradik\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed pokus o obnovenie cirkvi z celej reforma\u010dnej \u00e9ry a stali sa prvou nez\u00e1vislou cirkvou svojich \u010dias.<\/p>\n<p>Pri zrode anabaptizmu st\u00e1li Felix Manz a Conrad Grebel, ktor\u00ed dospeli k n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee \u0161vaj\u010diarsky reform\u00e1tor Ulrich Zwingli zastal v reform\u00e1ch na polceste. Za\u010diatkom roka 1525 za\u010dali svoje zistenia o krste det\u00ed uv\u00e1dza\u0165 do praxe a ke\u010f mestsk\u00e1 rada v Z\u00fcrichu n\u00e1sledne vydala pr\u00edkaz, aby v\u0161etky rodiny s nepokrsten\u00fdmi de\u0165mi dali deti do \u00f4smich dn\u00ed pokrsti\u0165, namiesto toho sa zi\u0161li v dome Manzovej matky a b\u00fdval\u00fd k\u0148az Goerge Blaurock po\u017eiadal Grebela, aby ho pokrstil. Ke\u010f to Grebel urobil, Blaurock pokrstil 15 \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov zhroma\u017edenia. Hoci mestsk\u00e1 rada radik\u00e1lov z kant\u00f3nu vyhnala, t\u00ed odmietli od\u00eds\u0165, za\u010dali sa sch\u00e1dza\u0165 na vidieku v s\u00fakromn\u00fdch domoch, krstili sa \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u013eudia a spolo\u010dne prij\u00edmali P\u00e1novu ve\u010deru. Na ve\u013ekono\u010dn\u00fa nede\u013eu 1525 bol pokrsten\u00fd Balthasar Hubmeier, a tak vznikla skupina dnes zn\u00e1ma ako \u0161vaj\u010diarski bratia. Pr\u00e1ve Hubmeier nesk\u00f4r priniesol anabaptizmus na Moravu, kde sa tie\u017e roz\u0161\u00edril.<\/p>\n<p>Medzi d\u00f4razy anabaptistov patrilo u\u010den\u00edctvo, sloboda svedomia, oddelenie cirkvi od \u0161t\u00e1tu, odmietali aj pr\u00edsahu a vojensk\u00fa slu\u017ebu. Stali sa ter\u010dom prudk\u00e9ho prenasledovania nielen z teologick\u00fdch, ale aj z politick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov. \u010casto boli trestan\u00ed utopen\u00edm (ako par\u00f3dia na krst ponoren\u00edm). Ako prv\u00fd bol takto utopen\u00fd v rieke Limmat samotn\u00fd Felix Manz za\u010diatkom roku 1527. Pri poprave chv\u00e1lil Boha, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee zomrie\u0165 za pravdu, a zvolal: \u201eDo Tvojich r\u00fak odovzd\u00e1vam svojho ducha!\u201c Hoci nie je ist\u00e9, \u010di Zwingli s popravami s\u00fahlasil, verejne proti nim neprotestoval. V prenasledovan\u00ed novokrstencov sa s katol\u00edkmi spol\u010dili aj luter\u00e1ni, napriek po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9mu nes\u00fahlasu Luthera. Aj v samotnom anabaptizme sa vyskytovali extr\u00e9my, najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm smutn\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom je M\u00fcnster, ktor\u00fd bol vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd za Nov\u00fd Jeruzalem. Pokus o ustanovenie Bo\u017eieho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva na zemi skon\u010dil otrasn\u00fdmi n\u00e1silnos\u0165ami a ve\u013emi po\u0161kodil poves\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch anabaptistov.<\/p>\n<p>Napriek krut\u00e9mu prenasledovaniu a niektor\u00fdm extr\u00e9mom sa hnutie \u0161\u00edrilo \u010falej, roz\u0161\u00edrilo sa aj do in\u00fdch kraj\u00edn a stalo sa z\u00e1rodkom hnut\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 existuj\u00fa dodnes \u2013 korene v \u0148om maj\u00fa menoniti, kvakeri, ami\u0161i a v ur\u010ditom zmysle aj baptisti. Okrem in\u00fdch kraj\u00edn sa anabaptizmus roz\u0161\u00edril aj na u\u017e spom\u00ednan\u00fa Moravu a z\u00e1padn\u00e9 Slovensko, kde boli jeho pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci ozna\u010dovan\u00ed ako hab\u00e1ni. O tom ale zas v \u010fal\u0161om \u010d\u00edsle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Zdroje:<\/em><br \/><em>Pavel Hanes: Dejiny kres\u0165anstva. Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica: Trian, 2007<\/em><br \/><em>Wikip\u00e9dia \u2013 Slobodn\u00e1 encyklop\u00e9dia<\/em><br \/><em>PuritanBoard.com<\/em><br \/><em>Tom\u00e1\u0161 Po\u010dai<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u010d\u00edslach sme sa venovali najvplyvnej\u0161\u00edm osobnostiam reform\u00e1cie v 16. storo\u010d\u00ed. Jedn\u00fdm zo spolo\u010dn\u00fdch menovate\u013eov tohto prebudeneck\u00e9ho pohybu bol d\u00f4raz na Bibliu ako najvy\u0161\u0161iu autoritu, ktor\u00e1 je jedin\u00e1 smerodajn\u00e1 pre kres\u0165ansk\u00fd \u017eivot. Druhou vecou v\u0161ak bolo uplat\u0148ovanie tejto z\u00e1sady \u2013 jednak nie vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch ot\u00e1zkach panovala zhoda, jednak aktu\u00e1lna spolo\u010densk\u00e1, politick\u00e1 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"series":[],"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/anabaptisti.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/PodcastSZ-1.jpg","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":[],"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/feed\/podcast\/slovo-zivota","embedCode":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"7XqeUVOknL\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/2016\/06\/anabaptisti-1509-1564-radikalna-reformacia\/\">Anabaptisti (1509-1564) &#8211; Radik\u00e1lna reform\u00e1cia<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/2016\/06\/anabaptisti-1509-1564-radikalna-reformacia\/embed\/#?secret=7XqeUVOknL\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" title=\"\u00abAnabaptisti (1509-1564) &#8211; Radik\u00e1lna reform\u00e1cia\u00bb &#8212; Slovo \u017eivota\" data-secret=\"7XqeUVOknL\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n\/*! 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