{"id":2767,"date":"2012-12-22T23:03:56","date_gmt":"2012-12-22T22:03:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/2012\/12\/valdenski-12-storocie\/"},"modified":"2012-12-22T23:03:56","modified_gmt":"2012-12-22T22:03:56","slug":"valdenski-12-storocie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/2012\/12\/valdenski-12-storocie\/","title":{"rendered":"Valdensk\u00ed (12. storo\u010die)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-2766\" src=\"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/peter_waldo.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" align=\"right\" width=\"318\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/peter_waldo.jpg 318w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/peter_waldo-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/peter_waldo-300x377.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 318px) 100vw, 318px\" \/>Ako sme si povedali v\u00a0minulom \u010d\u00edsle, za\u010diatkom druh\u00e9ho tis\u00edcro\u010dia nach\u00e1dzame cirkev, ktor\u00e1 sa zaober\u00e1 najm\u00e4 filozofick\u00fdm zd\u00f4vod\u0148ovan\u00edm a\u00a0vysvet\u013eovan\u00edm teol\u00f3gie. Na druhej strane hlad po skuto\u010dne \u017eivej viere dal zrod nov\u00fdm <strong><em>reformn\u00fdm hnutiam<\/em><\/strong>. V\u00a012. storo\u010d\u00ed boli tak\u00fdmto v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm hnut\u00edm tzv. <em>valdensk\u00ed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0alpsk\u00fdch \u00fadoliach Piemontu sa vraj zachovali e\u0161te od ner\u00f3novsk\u00e9ho prenasledovania zbory veriacich, ktor\u00ed boli r\u00f4zne naz\u00fdvan\u00ed, ale medzi sebou sa naz\u00fdvali jednoducho \u201ebratia\u201c. Pod\u013ea inkviz\u00edtora Reineria sa ich p\u00f4vod datuje od \u010dias p\u00e1pe\u017ea Silvestra (314 \u2013 336), pod\u013ea in\u00fdch e\u0161te od \u010dias apo\u0161tolov \u2013 sotva vraj jestvuje krajina, kde by sa t\u00e1to her\u00e9za nevyskytovala. Dodr\u017euj\u00fa v\u0161etky \u010dl\u00e1nky vierovyznania, len sa r\u00fahaj\u00fa r\u00edmskej cirkvi. T\u00edto \u201ebratia\u201c vraj v\u00a0odl\u00fa\u010denosti svojich vrchov ostali <strong><em>nedotknut\u00ed v\u00fdvojom r\u00edmskej cirkvi<\/em><\/strong>. Spr\u00e1vali sa pod\u013ea P\u00edsma.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In\u00ed pova\u017euj\u00fa za ich zakladate\u013ea biskupa <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Claudia z\u00a0Tur\u00edna<\/em>, ktor\u00fd p\u00f4sobil v\u00a0\u010dasoch \u013dudov\u00edta Zbo\u017en\u00e9ho (814 \u2013 840). Ten vo svojom koment\u00e1ri k\u00a0listu Galatsk\u00fdm jasne u\u010d\u00ed <strong><em>ospravedlnenie z viery<\/em><\/strong> a\u00a0poukazuje, \u017ee cirkev sa od tohto u\u010denia odvr\u00e1tila.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Valdensk\u00fdm dal meno <strong><em>Peter Vald\u00e9s (Waldo)<\/em><\/strong>. Bol to p\u00f4vodne bohat\u00fd lyonsk\u00fd obchodn\u00edk a zrejme patril ku kupeckej triede, ktor\u00e1 sa pr\u00e1ve v\u00a012. storo\u010d\u00ed za\u010dala dom\u00e1ha\u0165 slob\u00f4d. V r. 1175 alebo 1176 sa v\u0161ak obr\u00e1til, pod\u013ea ist\u00fdch zdrojov pri po\u010d\u00favan\u00ed minstrela, ktor\u00fd spieval pr\u00edbeh sv. Alexia so stredovekou oslavou chudoby. N\u00e1sledne sa vzdal svojho bohatstva a\u00a0za\u010dal k\u00e1za\u0165 evanjelium. Kronik\u00e1r p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee ke\u010f Vald\u00e9s dal svojej man\u017eelke na v\u00fdber medzi svoj\u00edm hnute\u013en\u00fdm a nehnute\u013en\u00fdm majetkom, rozhodla sa pre jeho statky a vody, lesy a l\u00faky, domy a vinice, pece a mlyny. Vald\u00e9sovi ostali peniaze, ktor\u00e9 potom rozdal. Pre Vald\u00e9sa bola d\u00f4veryhodnos\u0165 evanjelia nerozlu\u010dne sp\u00e4t\u00e1 s\u00a0chudobou, s\u00a0\u010d\u00edm by sme zrejme nes\u00fahlasili, treba to v\u0161ak vidie\u0165 ako protest proti bohatstvu a materializmu ofici\u00e1lnej cirkvi tej doby. Vald\u00e9s si dal <strong><em>prelo\u017ei\u0165 \u010dasti Biblie<\/em><\/strong> do \u013eudovej re\u010di a na ich z\u00e1klade za\u010dal so svojimi pr\u00edvr\u017eencami misijn\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ich odvaha viedla k\u00a0predvolaniu Vald\u00e9sa s\u00a0nasledovn\u00edkmi r. 1179 na Tret\u00ed later\u00e1nsky koncil rovno pred p\u00e1pe\u017ea. Anglick\u00fd mn\u00edch Walter Map, pr\u00edtomn\u00fd na koncile, op\u00edsal Vald\u00e9sa a jeho druhov poh\u0155davo, ako \u201e\u013eud\u00ed hl\u00fapych a nevzdelan\u00fdch\u201c, ktor\u00fdm ku kazate\u013eskej \u010dinnosti ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa v\u0161etky predpoklady. Vald\u00e9s ale dosiahol v nasleduj\u00facom roku aspo\u0148 podmiene\u010dn\u00e9 schv\u00e1lenie a za\u010dal <strong><em>k\u00e1za\u0165<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Roku 1180 bol Vald\u00e9s predvolan\u00fd na vypo\u010dutie pred lyonsk\u00fdm arcibiskupom a p\u00e1pe\u017esk\u00fdm leg\u00e1tom. T\u00edto mu \u0161ikovne vlo\u017eili do \u00fast vierovyznanie, ktor\u00e9 mu povo\u013eovalo chudobu, ale ned\u00e1valo mu povolenie k\u00e1za\u0165 evanjelium.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Roku 1184 Vald\u00e9s a\u00a0jeho nasledovn\u00edci s\u00a0kone\u010dnou platnos\u0165ou <strong><em>odmietli z\u00e1kaz k\u00e1zania<\/em><\/strong> a\u00a0vykladania P\u00edsma. Na koncile vo Verone boli preto <strong><em>exkomunikovan\u00ed<\/em><\/strong> a vyhl\u00e1sen\u00ed za nepriate\u013eov kres\u0165anstva, preto\u017ee si vraj neopr\u00e1vnene prisvojili pr\u00e1vo k\u00e1za\u0165 (p\u00e1pe\u017e Lucius III., 1181 \u2013 1185). Vald\u00e9s na to odpovedal pod\u013ea vzoru apo\u0161tola Petra: <em>\u201eLep\u0161ie je posl\u00facha\u0165 Boha ako \u013eud\u00ed\u201c<\/em> a\u00a0\u00faprimne sa \u010dudoval, <em>\u201epre\u010do sa biskupi neraduj\u00fa, ke\u010f predsa k\u00e1\u017eeme Krista?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Po exkomunik\u00e1cii odi\u0161li z\u00a0Lyonu hlavne na franc\u00fazsky juh. V\u00a0tom \u010dase bolo prenasledovan\u00e9 in\u00e9 hnutie, tzv. <em>albig\u00e9nci<\/em>, a popri nich boli vyvra\u017eden\u00ed aj mnoh\u00ed valdensk\u00ed. Pr\u00e1ve <strong><em>prenasledovanie<\/em><\/strong> ich nesk\u00f4r prin\u00fatilo zorganizova\u0165 sa ako cirkev s biskupmi, k\u0148azmi a diakonmi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Bernard z\u00a0Fontcaude, spr\u00e1vca premon\u0161tr\u00e1tskeho op\u00e1tstva, si tesne po r. 1190 v\u0161\u00edma hlavne to, \u017ee radik\u00e1lne odmietli poslu\u0161nos\u0165 organizovanej cirkvi a\u00a0privlastnili si pr\u00e1vo k\u00e1za\u0165 Krista. U\u010denie cirkvi z\u00fa\u017eili len na to, \u010do P\u00edsmo vyslovene prikazuje.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a013. a\u00a014. storo\u010d\u00ed prenikli do nemeck\u00fdch, \u010desk\u00fdch, po\u013esk\u00fdch a uhorsk\u00fdch kraj\u00edn. Ich kazatelia boli ak\u00fdmisi cestuj\u00facimi u\u010dite\u013emi. Pomocou rozvetvenej siete utajen\u00fdch \u00fatulkov pravidelne nav\u0161tevovali \u201epriate\u013eov\u201c \u010di \u201ezn\u00e1mych\u201c, ktor\u00ed si z\u00a0gener\u00e1cie na gener\u00e1ciu v rodin\u00e1ch a\u00a0rodoch verne odovzd\u00e1vali vald\u00e9nske z\u00e1sady. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 hnutie \u010dasom z\u00edskalo ur\u010dit\u00fd charakter tajn\u00e9ho spolku. Po \u010dase sa mnoh\u00ed valdensk\u00ed navonok prisp\u00f4sobovali \u017eivotu v cirkevn\u00fdch farnostiach.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Inkviz\u00edtor Bernardo Gui okolo r. 1320 zazna\u010dil ich <strong><em>u\u010denie<\/em><\/strong>. Zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee odmietaj\u00fa cirkevn\u00fa autoritu, inak vykladaj\u00fa sviatosti, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vysluhova\u0165 mu\u017ei aj \u017eeny. Ve\u010deru P\u00e1novu prij\u00edmaj\u00fa oby\u010dajne raz do roka. Katol\u00edcke sviatky, p\u00f4sty a\u00a0modlitby odmietaj\u00fa ako nezalo\u017een\u00e9 na Novej zmluve. Bernardovi Gui sa fakt, \u017ee k\u0148azi nie s\u00fa ofici\u00e1lne ordinovan\u00ed, zd\u00e1 z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00ed, ako to, \u017ee k\u00e1\u017eu v\u00a0\u013eudovej re\u010di. V\u0161\u00edma si, \u017ee odmietaj\u00fa pr\u00edsahu a\u00a0popieraj\u00fa u\u010denie o\u00a0o\u010distci, ako aj modlitby za m\u0155tvych.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Valdensk\u00ed <strong><em>sa roz\u0161\u00edrili<\/em><\/strong> po celej Eur\u00f3pe \u2013 v\u00a0\u0160panielsku, It\u00e1lii, Nemecku a\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch, no najsilnej\u0161\u00ed boli v\u00a0strednej a\u00a0v\u00fdchodnej Eur\u00f3pe. V\u00a0roku 1488 bola v\u00a0Dauphin\u00e9 proti nim veden\u00e1 kri\u017eiacka v\u00fdprava. V\u00a0strednej Eur\u00f3pe nesk\u00f4r ovplyvnili v\u00fdvoj reform\u00e1cie a\u00a0pridali sa k\u00a0hlavn\u00e9mu pr\u00fadu reform\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Zdroje:<br \/> Pavel Hanes: Dejiny kres\u0165anstva. Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica: Trian, 2007<br \/> Wikip\u00e9dia \u2013 Slobodn\u00e1 encyklop\u00e9dia<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Spracoval: Tom\u00e1\u0161 Po\u010dai<br \/><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ako sme si povedali v\u00a0minulom \u010d\u00edsle, za\u010diatkom druh\u00e9ho tis\u00edcro\u010dia nach\u00e1dzame cirkev, ktor\u00e1 sa zaober\u00e1 najm\u00e4 filozofick\u00fdm zd\u00f4vod\u0148ovan\u00edm a\u00a0vysvet\u013eovan\u00edm teol\u00f3gie. Na druhej strane hlad po skuto\u010dne \u017eivej viere dal zrod nov\u00fdm reformn\u00fdm hnutiam. V\u00a012. storo\u010d\u00ed boli tak\u00fdmto v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm hnut\u00edm tzv. valdensk\u00ed. \u00a0 V\u00a0alpsk\u00fdch \u00fadoliach Piemontu sa vraj zachovali e\u0161te od ner\u00f3novsk\u00e9ho prenasledovania zbory veriacich, ktor\u00ed boli [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2766,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"series":[],"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/peter_waldo.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/PodcastSZ-1.jpg","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":[],"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/feed\/podcast\/slovo-zivota","embedCode":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"LQRCwvxXNu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/2012\/12\/valdenski-12-storocie\/\">Valdensk\u00ed (12. storo\u010die)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/2012\/12\/valdenski-12-storocie\/embed\/#?secret=LQRCwvxXNu\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" title=\"\u00abValdensk\u00ed (12. storo\u010die)\u00bb &#8212; Slovo \u017eivota\" data-secret=\"LQRCwvxXNu\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n\/*! This file is auto-generated *\/\n!function(d,l){\"use strict\";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&\"undefined\"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),c=new RegExp(\"^https?:$\",\"i\"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display=\"none\";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):\"link\"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute(\"src\")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener(\"message\",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+=\"#?secret=\"+t,e.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:\"ready\",secret:t},\"*\")},!1)))}(window,document);\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2767"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2767"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2767\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2767"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/ru-ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=2767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}