{"id":3732,"date":"2017-04-12T12:52:16","date_gmt":"2017-04-12T10:52:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/2017\/04\/hugenoti-16-storocie-reformacia-vo-francuzsku\/"},"modified":"2017-04-12T12:52:16","modified_gmt":"2017-04-12T10:52:16","slug":"hugenoti-16-storocie-reformacia-vo-francuzsku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2017\/04\/hugenoti-16-storocie-reformacia-vo-francuzsku\/","title":{"rendered":"Hugenoti (16. storo\u010die) &#8211; Reform\u00e1cia vo Franc\u00fazsku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Aj ke\u010f najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00ed reformn\u00fd pohyb v cirkvi sa zrejme odohral v Nemecku a \u0160vaj\u010diarsku v 16. storo\u010d\u00ed, podobn\u00e9 hnutie sa roz\u0161\u00edrilo aj v in\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych krajin\u00e1ch. \u010ciasto\u010dne i\u0161lo o hnutia nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 od hlavn\u00fdch reformn\u00fdch pr\u00fadov veden\u00fdch Lutherom a Kalv\u00ednom, vyvolan\u00e9 celkov\u00fdm stavom cirkvi, na druhej strane sa aj v tej dobe \u0161\u00edrili inform\u00e1cie a Luther a in\u00ed reform\u00e1tori postupom \u010dasu z\u00edskali odozvu aj v mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch krajin\u00e1ch. Vo Franc\u00fazsku u\u017e dlh\u0161iu dobu dozrieval odpor vo\u010di politickej moci R\u00edma. Sta\u010d\u00ed si pripomen\u00fa\u0165 tzv. Valdensk\u00fdch z 12. storo\u010dia. Vo Franc\u00fazsku bolo dos\u0165 vzdelancov, ktor\u00ed sa odvracali od vtedaj\u0161\u00edch polopohansk\u00fdch povier a \u010d\u00edtali autentick\u00e9 biblick\u00e9 texty. Reformn\u00e9 hnutie teda bolo vo Franc\u00fazsku siln\u00e9, ale z nevysvetlite\u013en\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov nikdy nez\u00edskalo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-3731\" src=\"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/bartolomejska_noc.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"322\" align=\"right\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/bartolomejska_noc.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/bartolomejska_noc-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/bartolomejska_noc-768x479.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/bartolomejska_noc-600x374.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/bartolomejska_noc-390x243.jpg 390w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/>Pre franc\u00fazskych protestantov sa v\u017eil n\u00e1zov <strong>hugenoti<\/strong>. P\u00f4vod tohto n\u00e1zvu je nejasn\u00fd, ale jedna hypot\u00e9za ho d\u00e1va do s\u00favislosti s holandsko-nemeck\u00fdm v\u00fdrazom Huis Genooten, ktor\u00fd sa \u00fadajne pou\u017e\u00edval v severnom Franc\u00fazsku a ozna\u010doval tajn\u00e9 stret\u00e1vanie po domoch. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm faktorom vzniku a \u0161\u00edrenia reform\u00e1cie vo Franc\u00fazsku bola dostupnos\u0165 Biblie v \u013eudovom jazyku.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Reform\u00e1cia sa v\u0161ak nevyhla ani vysok\u00fdm kruhom. V s\u00favislosti s \u0148ou je zn\u00e1me meno <strong>Henricha Navarrsk\u00e9ho<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd sa nesk\u00f4r stal franc\u00fazskym kr\u00e1\u013eom. Jeho star\u00e1 mama <strong>Margueritte<\/strong> sa nau\u010dila latinsky, taliansky, \u0161panielsky a nesk\u00f4r aj gr\u00e9cky a hebrejsky a za\u010dala sa venova\u0165 \u201enov\u00e9mu u\u010deniu\u201c. \u010c\u00edtala Bibliu v origin\u00e1lnych jazykoch. Okolo jej jemnej a citovej osobnosti sa zhroma\u017edila duchovn\u00e1 inteligencia Franc\u00fazska. Silne na \u0148u zap\u00f4sobil teol\u00f3g Jacques Lef\u00e8vre, ale aj Luther a Kalv\u00edn. Jej viac ako 100-\u010dlenn\u00fd dvor denne diskutoval o v\u00fdzname oddielov P\u00edsma. Jacques Lef\u00e8vre veril, \u017ee P\u00edsmo sa m\u00e1 dosta\u0165 do r\u00fak cel\u00e9ho kres\u0165ansk\u00e9ho \u013eudu, a chcel reformova\u0165 cirkev skrze cirkev a v cirkvi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>V roku 1523 bol vydan\u00fd nov\u00fd preklad Novej zmluvy a v roku 1525 preklad Starej zmluvy. Po Franc\u00fazsku sa vo ve\u013ekom kupovali a \u010d\u00edtali diela Luthera a Kalv\u00edna. Proti tomu sa postavila sl\u00e1vna univerzita <strong>Sorbonna<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 chcela, aby sa \u013eudia t\u00fdchto heretick\u00fdch dokumentov zbavili. Kr\u00e1\u013e Franti\u0161ek I. bol zo za\u010diatku reform\u00e1torom naklonen\u00fd a chr\u00e1nil ich, to sa ale zmenilo, ke\u010f v roku 1534 do\u0161lo k tzv. <strong>plag\u00e1tovej af\u00e9re<\/strong>, v ktorej boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 ostr\u00e9 slov\u00e1 proti r\u00edmskej hierarchii. Kr\u00e1\u013e odvolal svoju ochranu a to bol za\u010diatok neust\u00e1le sa striedaj\u00facich obdob\u00ed prenasledovania a pokoja.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Napriek tomu reform\u00e1cia vo Franc\u00fazsku naberala na obr\u00e1tkach a ve\u013ek\u00fd vplyv tu z\u00edskal najm\u00e4 <strong>J\u00e1n Kalv\u00edn<\/strong>, zn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00ed svoj\u00edm p\u00f4soben\u00edm vo \u0161vaj\u010diarskej \u017deneve. Netreba zab\u00fada\u0165, \u017ee Kalv\u00edn bol Franc\u00faz, pr\u00e1ve tu bol na svojej dom\u00e1cej p\u00f4de a aj jeho p\u00f4sobenie vo \u0160vaj\u010diarsku sa via\u017ee pr\u00e1ve k franc\u00fazskej \u010dasti tejto krajiny. \u017deneva sa v tej dobe stala modelom kres\u0165anskej spolo\u010dnosti a hugenoti t\u00fa\u017eili po takom \u017eivote aj vo svojej vlasti a chceli modelova\u0165 Franc\u00fazsko pod\u013ea vzoru \u017denevy. To sa, samozrejme, nep\u00e1\u010dilo \u010fal\u0161iemu franc\u00fazskemu kr\u00e1\u013eovi Henrichovi II., ktor\u00fd pokra\u010doval v ich prenasledovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Po jeho smrti sa vl\u00e1dy ujala vdova po \u0148om <strong>Katar\u00edna Medicejsk\u00e1<\/strong>. T\u00e1 bola hugenotom najprv naklonen\u00e1, no ke\u010f sa t\u00ed po \u010dase vojensky zorganizovali a na prenasledovanie tie\u017e odpovedali n\u00e1silnos\u0165ami, stratili podporu m\u00e1s aj Katar\u00edny. Uzmierenie medzi znepriatelen\u00fdmi stranami malo prinies\u0165 man\u017eelstvo medzi Katar\u00edninou dc\u00e9rou Mark\u00e9tou a u\u017e spom\u00ednan\u00fdm Henrichom Navarrsk\u00fdm, ktor\u00fd st\u00e1l v \u010dele hugenotov. Sob\u00e1\u0161 sa v\u0161ak zmenil na masaker hugenotov, ktor\u00fd za\u010dal 24. augusta 1572 v Par\u00ed\u017ei a vo\u0161iel do dej\u00edn ako <strong>Bartolomejsk\u00e1 noc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Napriek vyvra\u017edeniu svojich vodcov hugenoti dr\u017eali spolu a po nociach sa sch\u00e1dzali na bohoslu\u017eby. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina odhadov hovor\u00ed, \u017ee v \u010dase Bartolomejskej noci hugenoti tvorili asi 10 % franc\u00fazskeho obyvate\u013estva. Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed boli najm\u00e4 v strednom a ju\u017enom Franc\u00fazsku. Bolo medzi nimi ve\u013ea remeseln\u00edkov a obchodn\u00edkov, preto neskor\u0161ia ve\u013ek\u00e1 emigra\u010dn\u00e1 vlna pri prenasledovan\u00ed nepriaznivo ovplyvnila franc\u00fazsku ekonomiku.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Na lep\u0161ie \u010dasy im svitlo, ke\u010f sa na franc\u00fazsky tr\u00f3n dostal Henrich Navarrsk\u00fd. Ten, hoci bol vychovan\u00fd ako protestant a akt\u00edvny vo veden\u00ed hugenotsk\u00fdch bojov\u00fdch s\u00edl, sa napokon v mene pokoja stal katol\u00edkom a okomentoval to zn\u00e1mym okr\u00eddlen\u00fdm v\u00fdrokom: \u201ePar\u00ed\u017e stoj\u00ed za jednu om\u0161u.\u201c Hugenotom ale vydal <strong>Nantsk\u00fd edikt<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd im zabezpe\u010dil pln\u00fa slobodu svedomia a pln\u00e9 ob\u010dianske pr\u00e1va. O takmer sto rokov nesk\u00f4r bol v\u0161ak edikt zru\u0161en\u00fd a hugenoti definit\u00edvne z\u00edskali slobodu a\u017e po\u010das Franc\u00fazskej revol\u00facie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Zdroje:<\/em><br \/><em>Pavel Hanes: Dejiny kres\u0165anstva. Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica: Trian, 2017<\/em><br \/><em>Wikip\u00e9dia \u2013 Slobodn\u00e1 encyklop\u00e9dia<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aj ke\u010f najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00ed reformn\u00fd pohyb v cirkvi sa zrejme odohral v Nemecku a \u0160vaj\u010diarsku v 16. storo\u010d\u00ed, podobn\u00e9 hnutie sa roz\u0161\u00edrilo aj v in\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych krajin\u00e1ch. \u010ciasto\u010dne i\u0161lo o hnutia nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 od hlavn\u00fdch reformn\u00fdch pr\u00fadov veden\u00fdch Lutherom a Kalv\u00ednom, vyvolan\u00e9 celkov\u00fdm stavom cirkvi, na druhej strane sa aj v tej dobe \u0161\u00edrili inform\u00e1cie a Luther [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3731,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"series":[],"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/bartolomejska_noc.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/PodcastSZ-1.jpg","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":[],"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/feed\/podcast\/slovo-zivota","embedCode":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Aj6eg18lLT\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2017\/04\/hugenoti-16-storocie-reformacia-vo-francuzsku\/\">Hugenoti (16. storo\u010die) &#8211; Reform\u00e1cia vo Franc\u00fazsku<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2017\/04\/hugenoti-16-storocie-reformacia-vo-francuzsku\/embed\/#?secret=Aj6eg18lLT\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" title=\"&#8220;Hugenoti (16. storo\u010die) &#8211; Reform\u00e1cia vo Franc\u00fazsku&#8221; &#8212; Slovo \u017eivota\" data-secret=\"Aj6eg18lLT\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n\/*! 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