{"id":3356,"date":"2015-11-24T14:22:05","date_gmt":"2015-11-24T13:22:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/2015\/11\/ulrich-zwingli-1484-1531\/"},"modified":"2015-11-24T14:22:05","modified_gmt":"2015-11-24T13:22:05","slug":"ulrich-zwingli-1484-1531","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2015\/11\/ulrich-zwingli-1484-1531\/","title":{"rendered":"Ulrich Zwingli (1484 \u2013 1531)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"\u0160vaj\u010diarska reform\u00e1cia<\/em><\/h2>\n

V\u00a0posledn\u00fdch dvoch \u010d\u00edslach sme sa zaoberali postavou Martina Luthera, hlavn\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupcu nemeckej reform\u00e1cie. Zhruba v\u00a0tom istom obdob\u00ed sa v\u0161ak podobn\u00fd reformn\u00fd pohyb spustil aj na mnoh\u00fdch in\u00fdch miestach Eur\u00f3py. Jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0hlavn\u00fdch ohn\u00edsk reform\u00e1cie mimo Nemecka bolo \u0160vaj\u010diarsko<\/em><\/strong>. Hlavn\u00fdmi protagonistami \u0161vaj\u010diarskej reform\u00e1cie boli najprv Ulrich Zwingli<\/em><\/strong> v\u00a0Z\u00fcrichu<\/em><\/strong> a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r J\u00e1n Kalv\u00edn<\/em><\/strong> v\u00a0\u017deneve<\/em><\/strong>. Okrem toho vo \u0160vaj\u010diarsku vznikol aj radik\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed reformn\u00fd pr\u00fad anabaptistov<\/em><\/strong>, o\u00a0ktor\u00fdch si povieme v\u00a0inom \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ulrich Zwingli sa narodil v\u00a0roku 1484 vo Wildhause ako syn dedinsk\u00e9ho \u00faradn\u00edka. \u0160tudoval na univerzite vo Viedni a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r v\u00a0Bazileji, v\u00a0centre\u00a0 renesan\u010dn\u00e9ho humanizmu. Pod vplyvom u\u010denia Tom\u00e1\u0161a Wyttenbacha, ktor\u00fd ho viedol k\u00a0uzn\u00e1vaniu Biblie ako jedinej autority, sa mu otvorili o\u010di a\u00a0za\u010dal vidie\u0165 neporiadky v\u00a0cirkvi, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vo veci odpustkov, ke\u010f\u017ee si uvedomil, \u017ee odpustenie hriechov je jedine v\u00a0Kristovej krvi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Po \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch sa na pozvanie obyvate\u013eov stal k\u0148azom v\u00a0Glare<\/em><\/strong>. Zwingli mal do tohto \u010dasu za sebou len neve\u013ea \u0161t\u00fadia teol\u00f3gie a\u00a0venoval sa sk\u00f4r politike. Teraz za\u010dal viac \u0161tudova\u0165 teol\u00f3giu, okrem in\u00e9ho aj gr\u00e9\u010dtinu, aby mohol \u010d\u00edta\u0165 Nov\u00fa zmluvu v\u00a0origin\u00e1li. V\u00a0tomto \u010dase sa dostal do kontaktu s\u00a0Erazmom Rotterdamsk\u00fdm<\/em>, ktor\u00fd mal na\u0148ho oslobodzuj\u00faci vplyv. Hoci Zwingliho \u017eivot v\u00a0Glare nebol bez\u00fahonn\u00fd, nepokazilo to jeho reput\u00e1ciu, ako k\u0148aza si ho vysoko v\u00e1\u017eili. \u013dudia ho radi po\u010d\u00favali pre jeho v\u00fdre\u010dnos\u0165. Nezriedka pou\u017e\u00edval aj satiru. Medzit\u00fdm okrem Glaru za\u010dal p\u00f4sobi\u0165 aj v\u00a0Einsiedelne, kde si \u010dasom z\u00edskal poves\u0165 vynikaj\u00faceho vlastenca, kazate\u013ea a\u00a0u\u010denca a\u00a0priatelia ho navrhli za k\u0148aza do Z\u00fcrichu, aby z\u00edskal e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed vplyv.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0160vaj\u010diarska reform\u00e1cia sa oproti nemeckej celkovo viac usilovala aj o\u00a0reformu spolo\u010dnosti<\/em> ako takej a\u00a0mala teda tie\u017e politick\u00fa str\u00e1nku. To bolo dan\u00e9 aj pomerne ve\u013ekou nez\u00e1vislos\u0165ou vtedaj\u0161ieho \u0160vaj\u010diarska, ktor\u00e9 bolo len form\u00e1lne s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou Sv\u00e4tej r\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e. Skladalo sa z\u00a0relat\u00edvne nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch kant\u00f3nov a\u00a0ke\u010f z\u00fcri\u0161sk\u00fd kant\u00f3n nesk\u00f4r zak\u00e1zal zahrani\u010dn\u00fa slu\u017ebu \u017eoldnierov, ktor\u00ed zvykli sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 aj v\u00a0p\u00e1pe\u017esk\u00fdch vojsk\u00e1ch, znamenalo to de facto rozchod mesta s\u00a0p\u00e1pe\u017eom. T\u00fdm mala reform\u00e1cia pred sebou o\u00a0dos\u0165 \u013eah\u0161iu cestu ako v\u00a0Nemecku. V\u00a0neskor\u0161\u00edch rokoch sa v\u00a0Z\u00fcrichu uplat\u0148ovala plo\u0161ne pod doh\u013eadom mestskej rady.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f sa v\u00a0roku 1519 stal 34-ro\u010dn\u00fd Zwingli pastorom v\u00a0Z\u00fcrichu<\/em><\/strong>, na rozdiel od zau\u017e\u00edvanej praxe za\u010dal v\u00a0k\u00e1z\u0148ach postupne \u010d\u00edta\u0165 evanjelium Mat\u00fa\u0161a, pri\u010dom ho priebe\u017ene vykladal. Pokra\u010doval Skutkami apo\u0161tolov, novozmluvn\u00fdmi listami a\u00a0napokon Starou zmluvou. Tento systematick\u00fd v\u00fdklad Biblie priniesol cirkvi cite\u013en\u00fd mor\u00e1lny aj v\u0161eobecn\u00fd prospech. V\u00a0roku 1519 Zwingli takmer zomrel po\u010das moru. Vtedy za\u017eil osobn\u00e9 obr\u00e1tenie<\/em><\/strong> a\u00a0s\u013e\u00fabil Bohu, \u017ee ak ho u\u0161etr\u00ed, zasv\u00e4t\u00ed cel\u00fd svoj \u017eivot slu\u017ebe Kristovi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00a0jeho k\u00e1z\u0148ach sa postupne odha\u013eovalo, \u010domu naozaj ver\u00ed. \u010coraz viac bolo vidie\u0165, \u017ee sa neraz odchy\u013euje od tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho katol\u00edckeho u\u010denia. Mn\u00edchov obvinil z\u00a0le\u0148o\u0161stva a\u00a0prepychov\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Odmietol uctievanie sv\u00e4t\u00fdch a\u00a0zd\u00f4raz\u0148oval, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 rozli\u0161ova\u0165 medzi skuto\u010dn\u00fdmi a\u00a0fikt\u00edvnymi pr\u00edbehmi. Spochybnil tradi\u010dn\u00e9 ch\u00e1panie pekeln\u00e9ho oh\u0148a, a\u00a0tvrdil, \u017ee nepokrsten\u00e9 deti nie s\u00fa zatraten\u00e9. Nevy\u017eadoval predp\u00edsan\u00e9 p\u00f4sty, karhal skazenos\u0165 v\u00a0cirkevnej hierarchii. Om\u0161u nahradil inou liturgiou. Vo v\u0161etkom sa pritom st\u00e1le odvol\u00e1val na Bibliu ako jedin\u00fd z\u00e1klad svojho u\u010denia. Pre k\u0148azov po\u017eadoval slobodu o\u017eeni\u0165 sa. Ako v\u00a0t\u00fdch \u010dasoch nebolo nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9, Zwingli s\u00e1m \u017eil v\u00a0neofici\u00e1lnom zv\u00e4zku, ktor\u00fd po roku 1525 verejne ohl\u00e1sil. S man\u017eelkou Annou mal \u0161tyri deti.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Reform\u00e1cia sa \u0161\u00edrila aj do in\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed \u0160vaj\u010diarska a\u00a0Zwingliho my\u0161lienky sa dostali aj k\u00a0Lutherovi. Tu sa naskytla mo\u017enos\u0165 spoji\u0165 sily a\u00a0Luther s\u00a0Zwinglim sa stretli v\u00a0Marburgu<\/em>, kde sa rozpr\u00e1vali o\u00a0svojich zisteniach. V\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch bodoch sa zhodli, ale rozi\u0161li sa na u\u010den\u00ed o\u00a0P\u00e1novej ve\u010deri, a\u00a0tak sa na spolupr\u00e1ci nedok\u00e1zali dohodn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u00e1dej na spojenie s\u00a0luter\u00e1nskym hnut\u00edm bola d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 aj z\u00a0politick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska. Po jej zmaren\u00ed ostal z\u00fcri\u0161sk\u00fd kant\u00f3n vystaven\u00fd proti\u00fatoku kant\u00f3nov, ktor\u00e9 zostali katol\u00edcke. V\u00a0druhej bitke pri Kappeli v\u00a0roku 1531 bol Z\u00fcrich porazen\u00fd a\u00a0Zwingli ako 47-ro\u010dn\u00fd zahynul na bojisku<\/em>. Zostalo po \u0148om rozbehnut\u00e9 reforma\u010dn\u00e9 hnutie, ktor\u00e9 sa potom spojilo s\u00a0neskor\u0161\u00edm \u017eenevsk\u00fdm pr\u00fadom reform\u00e1cie pod veden\u00edm J\u00e1na Kalv\u00edna.<\/p>\n

Zdroje:
Pavel Hanes: Dejiny kres\u0165anstva. Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica: Trian, 2007
Wikip\u00e9dia \u2013 Slobodn\u00e1 encyklop\u00e9dia<\/em><\/p>\n

Tom\u00e1\u0161 P\u00f3\u010dai<\/em><\/p>\n


<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160vaj\u010diarska reform\u00e1cia V\u00a0posledn\u00fdch dvoch \u010d\u00edslach sme sa zaoberali postavou Martina Luthera, hlavn\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupcu nemeckej reform\u00e1cie. Zhruba v\u00a0tom istom obdob\u00ed sa v\u0161ak podobn\u00fd reformn\u00fd pohyb spustil aj na mnoh\u00fdch in\u00fdch miestach Eur\u00f3py. Jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0hlavn\u00fdch ohn\u00edsk reform\u00e1cie mimo Nemecka bolo \u0160vaj\u010diarsko. Hlavn\u00fdmi protagonistami \u0161vaj\u010diarskej reform\u00e1cie boli najprv Ulrich Zwingli v\u00a0Z\u00fcrichu a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r J\u00e1n Kalv\u00edn v\u00a0\u017deneve. Okrem toho vo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3355,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"series":[],"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Ulrich-Zwingli.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/PodcastSZ-1.jpg","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":[],"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/feed\/podcast\/slovo-zivota","embedCode":"

Ulrich Zwingli (1484 \u2013 1531)<\/a><\/blockquote>