{"id":3273,"date":"2014-12-07T10:31:59","date_gmt":"2014-12-07T09:31:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/2014\/12\/girolamo-savonarola-1452-1498\/"},"modified":"2014-12-07T10:31:59","modified_gmt":"2014-12-07T09:31:59","slug":"girolamo-savonarola-1452-1498","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2014\/12\/girolamo-savonarola-1452-1498\/","title":{"rendered":"Girolamo Savonarola (1452 \u2013 1498)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><em><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-3272\" src=\"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/savonarola.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" align=\"right\" width=\"362\" height=\"488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/savonarola.jpg 362w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/savonarola-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/savonarola-300x404.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" \/>Bojovn\u00edk proti nemravnosti<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u010d\u00edslach sme p\u00edsali najm\u00e4 o reformnom pohybe u na\u0161ich z\u00e1padn\u00fdch susedov \u2013 o <em>J\u00e1novi Husovi<\/em>, <em>husitoch<\/em> a <em>Jednote bratskej<\/em>. Av\u0161ak 15. storo\u010die bolo obdob\u00edm h\u013eadania o\u010disty cirkvi nielen v \u010cech\u00e1ch. Aj v in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch sa zbo\u017en\u00ed \u013eudia usilovali o zmenu. Jeden pr\u00fad, podobne ako Hus, Jednota bratsk\u00e1 a nesk\u00f4r e\u0161te viac Martin Luther, h\u013eadal odpove\u010f v <em>Biblii<\/em>, ktorej autoritat\u00edvny v\u00fdznam sa st\u00e1val \u010doraz zrete\u013enej\u0161\u00edm. S\u00faviselo to aj s vyn\u00e1lezom kn\u00edhtla\u010de \u2013 v roku 1455 <em>Johann Gutenberg <\/em>za\u010dal hromadn\u00fa tla\u010d Bibli\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 sa tak roz\u0161\u00edrila ove\u013ea viac ako predt\u00fdm. Aj celkov\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra nastupuj\u00facej renesancie bola naklonen\u00e1 sk\u00famaniu prame\u0148ov ako tak\u00fdch, \u010do tie\u017e nahr\u00e1valo vzostupu autority Biblie oproti cirkevnej hierarchii a trad\u00edcii. In\u00fdm pr\u00fadom bol <em>mysticizmus<\/em>, ktor\u00fd h\u013eadal rie\u0161enie v mystickom spojen\u00ed s Bohom.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Na sklonku 15. storo\u010dia sa do talianskych dej\u00edn nezmazate\u013ene zap\u00edsal mn\u00edch <em>Girolamo Savonarola<\/em>, ktor\u00fd kl\u00e1dol d\u00f4raz na <strong><em>mor\u00e1lnu obnovu cirkvi<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Girolamo \u017eil v ru\u0161nom renesan\u010dnom obdob\u00ed. Po jeho naroden\u00ed Turci dobyli Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopol, za jeho \u017eivota sa narodil Erazmus Rotterdamsk\u00fd, Martin Luther aj Niccolo Machiavelli a Kolumbus objavil Ameriku. Narodil sa v tom istom roku ako Leonardo da Vinci (1452) v Padove v rodine bank\u00e1ra a mal sa sta\u0165 lek\u00e1rom. \u0160t\u00fadium medic\u00edny v\u0161ak nedokon\u010dil a ke\u010f mal 23 rokov, vst\u00fapil do <em>dominik\u00e1nskeho r\u00e1du<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Jeho p\u00f4sobenie je sp\u00e4t\u00e9 najm\u00e4 s <strong><em>Florenciou<\/em><\/strong>. Prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t tam pri\u0161iel ako tridsa\u0165ro\u010dn\u00fd do tamoj\u0161ieho kl\u00e1\u0161tora San Marco. Po piatich rokoch odtia\u013e odi\u0161iel \u0161tudova\u0165 r\u00e9toriku, no o \u010fal\u0161ie tri roky sa vr\u00e1til do Florencie u\u017e natrvalo. Vo svojich k\u00e1z\u0148ach za\u010dal ostro vystupova\u0165 proti nemravnosti cirkevn\u00fdch hodnost\u00e1rov a \u017eiadal obnovu cirkvi. Jeho vplyv st\u00e1le r\u00e1stol. Stal sa priorom v spom\u00ednanom kl\u00e1\u0161tore San Marco a pok\u00fa\u0161al sa o pr\u00edsnu reformu r\u00e1du. Za\u010dal m\u00e1va\u0165 videnia, o ktor\u00fdch hovoril aj vo svojich k\u00e1z\u0148ach a na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00fdch predpovedal inv\u00e1ziu franc\u00fazskeho kr\u00e1\u013ea Karola VIII. do Talianska. Pr\u00e1ve Karol VIII. sa mal sta\u0165 n\u00e1strojom na reformu cirkvi, a preto Savonarola jeho inv\u00e1ziu vo svojich k\u00e1z\u0148ach podporil. To sa mu stalo osudn\u00fdm, lebo sa t\u00fdm dostal do sporu s Neapolsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1\u013eovstvom, Ben\u00e1tkami, r\u00edmskonemeck\u00fdm cis\u00e1rom a predov\u0161etk\u00fdm s p\u00e1pe\u017eom Alexandrom VI., ktor\u00fd si ho a\u017e do tohto okamihu v\u00e1\u017eil. Po pr\u00edchode Karola VIII. sa v\u0161ak Savonarola skuto\u010dne dostal k moci a vytvoril vo Florencii <strong><em>Kristovu republiku<\/em><\/strong>, z ktorej mala by\u0165 odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 v\u0161etka neres\u0165, p\u00fdcha a hriechy \u013eudstva.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Po odchode Karola VIII. z Talianska p\u00e1pe\u017e Alexander VI. Savonarolu vyzval, aby sa v R\u00edme zodpovedal zo svojich proroctiev. Ke\u010f to Savonarola odmietol, p\u00e1pe\u017e mu zak\u00e1zal k\u00e1za\u0165. Girolamo na tento z\u00e1kaz nedbal, a\u017e nakoniec v roku 1497 na\u0148ho p\u00e1pe\u017e uvalil kliatbu a exkomunikoval ho.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Savonarolu ani to nevyviedlo z miery a exkomunik\u00e1ciu ozna\u010dil za neplatn\u00fa. Vtedy p\u00e1pe\u017e pou\u017eil posledn\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 \u2013 pohrozil Florencii <em>interdiktom<\/em> (z\u00e1kazom bohoslu\u017eieb), ak Savonarolovi umo\u017en\u00ed \u010falej k\u00e1za\u0165. Vtedy Savonarolu vyzvali, aby dok\u00e1zal pravdivos\u0165 svojich slov v sk\u00fa\u0161ke oh\u0148om \u2013 mal prejs\u0165 po zap\u00e1lenej hranici. Girolamo pred oh\u0148om zav\u00e1hal, t\u00fdm stratil d\u00f4veryhodnos\u0165, n\u00e1sledne ho uv\u00e4znili a postavili pred inkvizi\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fad aj spolu s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi dvoma mn\u00edchmi \u2013 Domenicom a Silvestrom. Girolamo a Domenico ani po mu\u010den\u00ed svoje presved\u010denie nezapreli, Silvestro sa k v\u0161etk\u00fdm nastr\u010den\u00fdm obvineniam priznal.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etk\u00fdch troch 23. m\u00e1ja 1498 odovzdali svetskej moci, popravili, ich tel\u00e1 sp\u00e1lili na Piazza della Signoria a popol vysypali do rieky Arno. P\u00e1pe\u017esk\u00fd komis\u00e1r pred popravou nad Savonarolom vyhl\u00e1sil: \u201eVylu\u010dujem \u0165a z cirkvi bojuj\u00facej aj z cirkvi v\u00ed\u0165aziacej.\u201c Girolamo ho poopravil: \u201e<em>Iba z bojuj\u00facej cirkvi, na to druh\u00e9 nem\u00e1\u0161 opr\u00e1vnenie<\/em>,\u201c \u010d\u00edm dal jasne najavo presved\u010denie, \u017ee tak\u00e9to vyhl\u00e1senie m\u00e1 len pozemsk\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok a nijako nem\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 jeho ve\u010dnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f Girolamo Savonarola d\u00f4razne \u00fato\u010dil na nemravnos\u0165 v po\u010d\u00ednan\u00ed cirkevn\u00fdch hodnost\u00e1rov aj v umen\u00ed, nepostavil sa rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom napr\u00edklad proti modloslu\u017ebe. Je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee plne prij\u00edmal katol\u00edcku vieru o panne M\u00e1rii, a dokonca sa mu pripisuje druh\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 katol\u00edckej modlitby <em>Zdravas M\u00e1ria<\/em>, obsahuj\u00faca prosbu o odpustenie hriechov, ktor\u00e1 sa v katol\u00edckej cirkvi pou\u017e\u00edva dodnes.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00f4sobenie Savonarolu bolo vo viacer\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch rozporupln\u00e9, no pouk\u00e1zalo na ve\u013emi zl\u00fd stav v cirkvi a potrebu zmeny. Okrem toho jeho konanie povzbudilo odvahu v pr\u00edpade potreby postavi\u0165 sa aj cirkevnej vrchnosti. Svojou odvahou \u010deli\u0165 samotn\u00e9mu p\u00e1pe\u017eovi sa Girolamo stal pr\u00edkladom, ktor\u00fd nesk\u00f4r nasledoval aj Martin Luther a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed reform\u00e1tori. Mnoh\u00ed Taliani ho pova\u017euj\u00fa za symbol talianskeho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n<p align=\"right\"><em>Zdroje:<br \/> Wikip\u00e9dia \u2013 Slobodn\u00e1 encyklop\u00e9dia<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"right\"><em><br \/><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bojovn\u00edk proti nemravnosti V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u010d\u00edslach sme p\u00edsali najm\u00e4 o reformnom pohybe u na\u0161ich z\u00e1padn\u00fdch susedov \u2013 o J\u00e1novi Husovi, husitoch a Jednote bratskej. Av\u0161ak 15. storo\u010die bolo obdob\u00edm h\u013eadania o\u010disty cirkvi nielen v \u010cech\u00e1ch. Aj v in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch sa zbo\u017en\u00ed \u013eudia usilovali o zmenu. Jeden pr\u00fad, podobne ako Hus, Jednota bratsk\u00e1 a nesk\u00f4r e\u0161te [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3272,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"series":[],"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/savonarola.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/PodcastSZ-1.jpg","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":[],"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/feed\/podcast\/slovo-zivota","embedCode":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ZR9EY3AZ8y\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2014\/12\/girolamo-savonarola-1452-1498\/\">Girolamo Savonarola (1452 \u2013 1498)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2014\/12\/girolamo-savonarola-1452-1498\/embed\/#?secret=ZR9EY3AZ8y\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" title=\"&#8220;Girolamo Savonarola (1452 \u2013 1498)&#8221; &#8212; Slovo \u017eivota\" data-secret=\"ZR9EY3AZ8y\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n\/*! 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