{"id":3263,"date":"2014-10-01T13:24:00","date_gmt":"2014-10-01T11:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/2014\/10\/petr-chelcicky-a-jednota-bratska-od-15-storocia\/"},"modified":"2014-10-01T13:24:00","modified_gmt":"2014-10-01T11:24:00","slug":"petr-chelcicky-a-jednota-bratska-od-15-storocia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2014\/10\/petr-chelcicky-a-jednota-bratska-od-15-storocia\/","title":{"rendered":"Petr Chel\u010dick\u00fd a Jednota bratsk\u00e1 (od 15. storo\u010dia)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><em><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-3262\" src=\"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/petr_chelcicky.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" width=\"359\" height=\"468\" align=\"right\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/petr_chelcicky-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/petr_chelcicky-390x510.jpg 390w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/petr_chelcicky-300x392.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/>Viera, n\u00e1dej a l\u00e1ska<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>V minulom \u010d\u00edsle sme si povedali o husitskom hnut\u00ed, ktor\u00e9ho zlat\u00e9 \u010dasy skon\u010dili po tom, ako sa umiernen\u00e9 kr\u00eddlo pridalo na stranu katol\u00edkov a spolo\u010dne porazili radik\u00e1lne (t\u00e1borsk\u00e9) kr\u00eddlo. Napriek tejto por\u00e1\u017eke my\u0161lienka na reformu cirkvi \u017eila v \u010cech\u00e1ch na\u010falej.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Umiernen\u00e9 husitsk\u00e9 kr\u00eddlo (zn\u00e1mi aj ako <em>utrakvisti<\/em> alebo <em>kali\u0161n\u00edci<\/em>) s\u00edce existovalo \u010falej v\u010faka tzv. <em>kompakt\u00e1tam<\/em>, v ktor\u00fdch mali okrem in\u00e9ho povolen\u00e9 vysv\u00e4covanie vlastn\u00e9ho k\u0148azstva vr\u00e1tane biskupa, no zo strany R\u00edma nebola ve\u013ek\u00e1 v\u00f4\u013ea na ich plnenie. \u010cesi sa m\u00e1rne do\u017eadovali potvrdenia svojho arcibiskupa <em>Jana<strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"> <\/strong>Rokycanu<\/em> \u2013 nedosiahli ho, ani ke\u010f pohrozili pripojen\u00edm k v\u00fdchodnej pravosl\u00e1vnej cirkvi. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 mali neust\u00e1le \u0165a\u017ekosti s vysv\u00e4covan\u00edm svojho k\u0148azstva. Hoci Rokycana st\u00e1le d\u00fafal, \u017ee dostane od p\u00e1pe\u017ea potvrdenie ako biskup, niektor\u00ed reformne zm\u00fd\u0161\u013eaj\u00faci utrakvisti za\u010dali h\u013eada\u0165 in\u00e9 cesty. Rokycana im odporu\u010dil Petra Chel\u010dick\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><em><br \/><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><em>Petr Chel\u010dick\u00fd<\/em><\/strong> bol \u010desk\u00fd spisovate\u013e, prekladate\u013e a kres\u0165ansk\u00fd myslite\u013e v\u00fdrazne ovplyvnen\u00fd my\u0161lienkami J\u00e1na Viklefa a J\u00e1na Husa. V husitskom obdob\u00ed udr\u017eiaval \u00fazke vz\u0165ahy s t\u00e1boritmi, no radik\u00e1lne sa s nimi rozch\u00e1dzal v n\u00e1zore na vojnu \u2013 u\u010dil, \u017ee kres\u0165ansk\u00fd boj je duchovn\u00e9ho charakteru a \u017ee rozhoduj\u00faci z\u00e1pas o oslobodenie \u013eudstva nebol vybojovan\u00fd n\u00e1sil\u00edm, ale smr\u0165ou \u010dloveka ods\u00faden\u00e9ho na kr\u00ed\u017e. Hoci nebol pr\u00edli\u0161 vzdelan\u00fd \u2013 bol vidie\u010dan venuj\u00faci sa po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvu \u2013 jeho myslenie v mnoh\u00fdch smeroch predbehlo svoju dobu, napr\u00edklad \u010do sa t\u00fdka kritiky feud\u00e1lneho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Reformn\u00ed kali\u0161n\u00edci, medzi ktor\u00fdmi bolo nem\u00e1lo vzdelan\u00fdch Pra\u017eanov, s Petrom Chel\u010dick\u00fdm nadviazali kontakt a za\u010dali \u0161tudova\u0165 jeho diela. Chel\u010dick\u00fd sa takto stal duchovn\u00fdm otcom vznikaj\u00facej Jednoty bratskej.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Jednota ofici\u00e1lne vznikla v roku 1457 v <em>Kunvalde<\/em>, kde prv\u00ed bratia dostali od kr\u00e1\u013ea Juraja Pod\u011bbradsk\u00e9ho pozemok a kam odi\u0161li po vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch kr\u00edzach a z\u00e1pasoch o \u010fal\u0161ie smerovanie husitskej cirkvi. \u010coskoro pochopili, \u017ee ak chc\u00fa zosta\u0165 vern\u00ed reform\u00e1cii, musia opusti\u0165 predstavu, \u017ee cirkev je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 od postupnosti biskupsk\u00e9ho sv\u00e4tenia. Za\u010dali preto vysv\u00e4cova\u0165 svojich vlastn\u00fdch k\u0148azov a \u00faplne sa oddelili od katol\u00edckej cirkvi. Jednota bratsk\u00e1 tak vznikla na trosk\u00e1ch ve\u013ek\u00e9ho sklamania zo zmaru husitskej revol\u00facie s t\u00fdm, \u017ee zavrhla program obrany viery me\u010dom.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00fdm d\u00f4razom Jednoty bol trojit\u00fd ide\u00e1l <em>viery, l\u00e1sky a n\u00e1deje<\/em>. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed d\u00f4raz ne\u017e na u\u010denie alebo cirkevn\u00fa trad\u00edciu kl\u00e1dli bratia na praktick\u00fd kres\u0165ansk\u00fd \u017eivot. Zo za\u010diatku bola Jednota ve\u013emi oddelen\u00e1 od spolo\u010dnosti a zavrhovala napr\u00edklad form\u00e1lne vzdel\u00e1vanie, tento postoj sa v\u0161ak \u010dasom zmenil a bratia sami zakladali \u0161koly, ktor\u00e9 sa stali ve\u013emi kvalitn\u00fdmi a \u017eiadan\u00fdmi. Pr\u00e1ve v tomto prostred\u00ed sa vypracoval a p\u00f4sobil u\u010dite\u013e n\u00e1rodov <strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><em>J\u00e1n Amos Komensk\u00fd<\/em><\/strong>, ktor\u00fd bol z\u00e1rove\u0148 hlavn\u00fdm biskupom Jednoty.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Medzi ve\u013emi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 po\u010diny bratov z Jednoty patr\u00ed preklad Biblie do \u010de\u0161tiny zn\u00e1my ako <strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><em>Kralick\u00e1 Biblia<\/em><\/strong>. Naz\u00fdva sa pod\u013ea juhomoravsk\u00fdch Kral\u00edc, kde sa nach\u00e1dzala bratsk\u00e1 tla\u010diare\u0148, v ktorej sa t\u00e1to Biblia tla\u010dila. Bola to prv\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 Biblia, ktor\u00e1 nebola prelo\u017een\u00e1 z latinskej Vulg\u00e1ty, ale z p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch jazykov \u2013 hebrej\u010diny a gr\u00e9\u010dtiny. Inici\u00e1torom prekladu bol biskup <em>Jan Blahoslav<\/em>, ktor\u00fd sa na preklade aj v\u00fdrazne podie\u013eal. Kralick\u00e1 Biblia bola mimoriadne \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1, v \u010dase prenasledovania bola pre veriacich v \u010cech\u00e1ch ve\u013ekou vzpruhou a posilou a z\u00edskala si nezastupite\u013en\u00e9 miesto v klasickej \u010deskej literat\u00fare. Je tie\u017e pr\u00edkladom, \u017ee Jednota bola pokrokov\u00e1, vystihla dobu a skvele vyu\u017eila vtedaj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fddobytok techniky \u2013 kn\u00edhtla\u010d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ako nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 zoskupenie sa Jednota stala t\u0155\u0148om v oku nielen katol\u00edckej, ale aj husitskej cirkvi a jej \u010dlenovia si vytrpeli mnoho prenasledovania. Po bitke na Bielej hore (1620) bola existencia Jednoty v \u010cech\u00e1ch prakticky znemo\u017enen\u00e1, rovnako ako existencia ostatn\u00fdch protestantsk\u00fdch cirkv\u00ed. Vtedy mnoh\u00ed emigrovali, niektor\u00ed zostali doma a sna\u017eili sa uchova\u0165 svoju vieru v tajnosti, in\u00ed sa vr\u00e1tili do katol\u00edckej cirkvi. Napriek v\u0161etk\u00e9mu protivenstvu Jednota nakoniec pre\u017eila a v <strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><em>18. storo\u010d\u00ed<\/em><\/strong> za\u017eila nev\u00eddan\u00fa obnovu a rozmach, ktor\u00fd sa sp\u00e1ja najm\u00e4 s menom <strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><em>gr\u00f3fa Zinzendorfa<\/em><\/strong>, s jeho statkom v <strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><em>Herrnhute<\/em><\/strong> (<strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><em>Ochranove<\/em><\/strong>) a moravsk\u00fdmi mision\u00e1rmi, ktor\u00ed vy\u0161li do cel\u00e9ho sveta.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: right; line-height: normal;\" align=\"right\"><em>Tom\u00e1\u0161 P\u00f3\u010dai. Zdroje:<br \/> Pavel Hanes: Dejiny kres\u0165anstva. Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica: Trian, 2007<br \/> Wikip\u00e9dia \u2013 Slobodn\u00e1 encyklop\u00e9dia<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Viera, n\u00e1dej a l\u00e1ska V minulom \u010d\u00edsle sme si povedali o husitskom hnut\u00ed, ktor\u00e9ho zlat\u00e9 \u010dasy skon\u010dili po tom, ako sa umiernen\u00e9 kr\u00eddlo pridalo na stranu katol\u00edkov a spolo\u010dne porazili radik\u00e1lne (t\u00e1borsk\u00e9) kr\u00eddlo. Napriek tejto por\u00e1\u017eke my\u0161lienka na reformu cirkvi \u017eila v \u010cech\u00e1ch na\u010falej. \u00a0 Umiernen\u00e9 husitsk\u00e9 kr\u00eddlo (zn\u00e1mi aj ako utrakvisti alebo kali\u0161n\u00edci) s\u00edce [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"series":[],"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/petr_chelcicky.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/PodcastSZ-1.jpg","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":[],"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/feed\/podcast\/slovo-zivota","embedCode":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"L1WPvtciK2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2014\/10\/petr-chelcicky-a-jednota-bratska-od-15-storocia\/\">Petr Chel\u010dick\u00fd a Jednota bratsk\u00e1 (od 15. storo\u010dia)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2014\/10\/petr-chelcicky-a-jednota-bratska-od-15-storocia\/embed\/#?secret=L1WPvtciK2\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" title=\"&#8220;Petr Chel\u010dick\u00fd a Jednota bratsk\u00e1 (od 15. storo\u010dia)&#8221; &#8212; Slovo \u017eivota\" data-secret=\"L1WPvtciK2\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n\/*! 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