{"id":2631,"date":"2012-05-31T21:58:04","date_gmt":"2012-05-31T19:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/2012\/05\/paulikiani-7-9-storocie\/"},"modified":"2012-05-31T21:58:04","modified_gmt":"2012-05-31T19:58:04","slug":"paulikiani-7-9-storocie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2012\/05\/paulikiani-7-9-storocie\/","title":{"rendered":"Pauliki\u00e1ni (7. \u2013 9. storo\u010die)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-2630\" src=\"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Persecution_of_Paulicians.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" align=\"left\" width=\"400\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Persecution_of_Paulicians.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Persecution_of_Paulicians-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Persecution_of_Paulicians-390x181.jpg 390w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>Sk\u00f4r ne\u017e sa definit\u00edvne dostaneme do druh\u00e9ho tis\u00edcro\u010dia, zastav\u00edme sa e\u0161te pri jednom zauj\u00edmavom hnut\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 p\u00f4sobilo najm\u00e4 vo v\u00fdchodn\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch Byzantskej r\u00ed\u0161e v 7. \u2013 9. storo\u010d\u00ed. S\u00fa to pauliki\u00e1ni, ve\u013ek\u00e9 hnutie, ktor\u00e9ho hodnotenie nie je \u013eahk\u00e9 ani jednozna\u010dn\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee prakticky v\u0161etky inform\u00e1cie, \u010do dnes o nich m\u00e1me, poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa od katol\u00edckej cirkvi, ktor\u00e1 ich po cel\u00fa dobu prenasledovala. Ke\u010f volila vo\u010di nim tak\u00e9to tvrd\u00e9 a nekres\u0165ansk\u00e9 met\u00f3dy, pre\u010do veri\u0165 tomu, \u010do o nich hovor\u00ed? Je to v mnoh\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch podobn\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia ako v pr\u00edpade charizmatick\u00e9ho hnutia montanistov z 2. storo\u010dia. Na z\u00e1klade dostupn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 rozhodn\u00fa\u0165, \u010di pauliki\u00e1ni naozaj dr\u017eali ist\u00e9 falo\u0161n\u00e9 u\u010denia, z ktor\u00fdch boli obvi\u0148ovan\u00ed, \u010di mali len pr\u00edli\u0161 zjednodu\u0161en\u00fa teol\u00f3giu, alebo i\u0161lo v skuto\u010dnosti o reformn\u00e9 hnutie, ktor\u00e9 jednoducho nevyhovovalo ofici\u00e1lnej cirkevnej hierarchii.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>P\u00f4vod pauliki\u00e1nov je na v\u00fdchode Byzantskej r\u00ed\u0161e ju\u017ene od Arm\u00e9nska, ktor\u00e9 bolo prvou kres\u0165anskou krajinou. P\u00f4vod ich n\u00e1zvu je nezn\u00e1my, niektor\u00ed ho odvodzuj\u00fa od antiochsk\u00e9ho biskupa Pavla zo Samosaty, ale ke\u010f\u017ee v hnut\u00ed bol dos\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fd d\u00f4raz na apo\u0161tola Pavla a jeho listy, toto m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 lep\u0161ie vysvetlenie. Tieto skupiny existovali u\u017e nejak\u00fd \u010das, ke\u010f sa k nim pripojil Kon\u0161tant\u00edn, nesk\u00f4r zvan\u00fd Silvanus. Tento Kon\u0161tant\u00edn okolo roku 653 prijal doma ist\u00e9ho Sarac\u00e9na na ceste zo zajatia, ktor\u00fd mu daroval drahocenn\u00fd rukopis \u0161tyroch evanjeli\u00ed a Pavlov\u00fdch listov. Kon\u0161tant\u00edn ho za\u010dal horlivo \u0161tudova\u0165 a zmenil si meno na Silvanus pod\u013ea spolo\u010dn\u00edka apo\u0161tola Pavla. \u010c\u00edtanie P\u00edsma ho ale viedlo aj k niektor\u00fdm nepopul\u00e1rnym stanovisk\u00e1m a ke\u010f odmietol uctievanie obrazov a in\u00e9 povery byzantskej cirkvi, pohneval proti sebe \u00farady. N\u00e1sledne musel ujs\u0165 a \u00fato\u010disko na\u0161iel v Kibosse v Arm\u00e9nsku. Jeho \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca medzi katol\u00edkmi aj pohanmi ho doviedla a\u017e k pohoriu Taurus a do z\u00e1padn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed Malej \u00c1zie. Ke\u010f\u017ee jeho v\u00fdsledky boli ve\u013ek\u00e9, neu\u0161iel pozornosti cis\u00e1ra Kon\u0161tant\u00edna Pogonata (668 \u2013 685). Ten v roku 684 vydal rozhodnutie proti zborom veriacich pauliki\u00e1nov a menovite proti Kon\u0161tant\u00ednovi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Kon\u0161tant\u00edn bol v prenasledovan\u00ed usmrten\u00fd, ale jeho smr\u0165 zanechala siln\u00e9 svedectvo. Simeon , velite\u013e pri jeho poprave, sa pod vplyvom toho, \u010do videl, po troch rokoch obr\u00e1til a odi\u0161iel do Kibossy, kde prijal meno Titus. Hnutie sa \u010falej \u0161\u00edrilo a ke\u010f sa o \u201eheretikoch\u201c dopo\u010dul cis\u00e1r Justini\u00e1n II. (685 \u2013 695 a 705 \u2013 711), dal ich aj so Simeonom up\u00e1li\u0165. No toto zaobch\u00e1dzanie vyvolalo e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu odvahu a horlivos\u0165, tak\u017ee vy\u0161lo k\u00e1za\u0165 e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo kazate\u013eov a zbory r\u00e1stli. Jedn\u00fdm z \u010fal\u0161\u00edch ich vodcov bol Sergius (arm\u00e9nsky Sarkis), ktor\u00fd k\u00e1zal v rokoch 800 \u2013 834.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f sa dost\u00e1vame k ot\u00e1zke, v \u010do vlastne pauliki\u00e1ni verili a \u010do u\u010dili, m\u00e1me ve\u013emi obmedzen\u00e9 zdroje.\u00a0 Katol\u00edcka cirkev ich obvi\u0148ovala predov\u0161etk\u00fdm z manicheizmu, \u010do ale bola ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 \u201enad\u00e1vka\u201c v\u0161etk\u00fdm heretikom. (Manicheizmus bolo dualistick\u00e9 u\u010denie o nezmierite\u013enom rozpore medzi hmotou a duchom, podobn\u00e9 gnosticizmu, ale vych\u00e1dzaj\u00face z perzsk\u00e9ho zoroastrizmu. Volalo sa pod\u013ea zakladate\u013ea M\u00e1n\u00edho.)<br \/>Ke\u010f sa ale pozrieme na jedin\u00e9 p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 dielo, ktor\u00e9 sa od pauliki\u00e1nov zachovalo, K\u013e\u00fa\u010d pravdy, ktor\u00e9 bolo r. 1898 prelo\u017een\u00e9 z arm\u00e9n\u010diny, v \u0148om sa prejavuj\u00fa ako reformn\u00e9 hnutie. Autor je nezn\u00e1my, ale s hlbok\u00fdm citom hovor\u00ed o potrebe pok\u00e1nia a viery a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho krstu, a \u201enie tak, ako t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed krstia nerozm\u00fd\u0161\u013eaj\u00facich a nekaj\u00facich.\u201c Z tejto knihy tie\u017e vidie\u0165, \u017ee pauliki\u00e1ni brali svoju vieru ve\u013emi v\u00e1\u017ene a boli neraz ochotn\u00ed za \u0148u trpie\u0165 a\u017e na smr\u0165. Autor \u010falej hovor\u00ed proti uctievaniu obrazov, panny M\u00e1rie a sv\u00e4t\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Za cis\u00e1rovnej Teodory (asi 815 \u2013 867) boli pauliki\u00e1ni tvrdo prenasledovan\u00ed a systematicky vyvra\u017e\u010fovan\u00ed. V rokoch 842 \u2013 867 vraj v prenasledovan\u00ed zahynulo a\u017e 100 000 \u013eud\u00ed. Ikonoklastick\u00ed cis\u00e1ri k nim boli tolerantn\u00ed pre svoj odpor k obrazom. (Ikonoklasti resp. obrazoborci boli odporcovia uctievania obrazov. Niektor\u00ed cis\u00e1ri boli za uctievanie obrazov, niektor\u00ed proti.) Jeden z cis\u00e1rov ich pres\u0165ahoval na Balk\u00e1n na obranu proti Bulharom. V desiatom storo\u010d\u00ed sa \u010fal\u0161\u00ed pres\u0165ahovali na Balk\u00e1n, kde pravdepodobne prispeli k vzniku \u010fal\u0161ieho podobn\u00e9ho kontroverzn\u00e9ho reformn\u00e9ho hnutia bogomilstva.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f teda nevieme s istotou ve\u013ea o u\u010den\u00ed pauliki\u00e1nov, mus\u00edme vyzdvihn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee v \u010dase, ke\u010f bolo \u201ev m\u00f3de\u201c masov\u00e9 pokres\u0165an\u010dovanie pohansk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov, boli hnut\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 kl\u00e1dlo d\u00f4raz na osobn\u00fa vieru a tak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom sa aj \u0161\u00edrilo. Pauliki\u00e1ni \u010dasto rozpr\u00e1vali o svojej viere s in\u00fdmi a aj preto ich bolo len ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 zastavi\u0165.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Zdroje:<\/em><br \/><em>Pavel Hanes: Dejiny kres\u0165anstva. Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica: Trian, 2007<\/em><br \/><em>Wikip\u00e9dia \u2013 Slobodn\u00e1 encyklop\u00e9dia<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Spracoval: Tom\u00e1\u0161 Po\u010dai<br \/><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sk\u00f4r ne\u017e sa definit\u00edvne dostaneme do druh\u00e9ho tis\u00edcro\u010dia, zastav\u00edme sa e\u0161te pri jednom zauj\u00edmavom hnut\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 p\u00f4sobilo najm\u00e4 vo v\u00fdchodn\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch Byzantskej r\u00ed\u0161e v 7. \u2013 9. storo\u010d\u00ed. S\u00fa to pauliki\u00e1ni, ve\u013ek\u00e9 hnutie, ktor\u00e9ho hodnotenie nie je \u013eahk\u00e9 ani jednozna\u010dn\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee prakticky v\u0161etky inform\u00e1cie, \u010do dnes o nich m\u00e1me, poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa od katol\u00edckej cirkvi, ktor\u00e1 ich [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2630,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"series":[],"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Persecution_of_Paulicians.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/PodcastSZ-1.jpg","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":[],"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/feed\/podcast\/slovo-zivota","embedCode":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ZWdcboBH9c\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2012\/05\/paulikiani-7-9-storocie\/\">Pauliki\u00e1ni (7. \u2013 9. storo\u010die)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2012\/05\/paulikiani-7-9-storocie\/embed\/#?secret=ZWdcboBH9c\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" title=\"&#8220;Pauliki\u00e1ni (7. \u2013 9. storo\u010die)&#8221; &#8212; Slovo \u017eivota\" data-secret=\"ZWdcboBH9c\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n\/*! 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